People tend to agree on what certain types of clothes mean. Adolescent girls can easily agree on the lifestyles of girls who wear certain outfits(套裝), including the number of boyfriends they likely have had and whether they smoke or d rink. Newscasters, or the announcers who read the news on TV, are considered to be more convincing, honest, and competent when they are dressed conservatively. And collage students who view themselves as taking an active role in their inter personal relationships say they are concerned about the costumes they must wear to play these roles successfully. Moreover, many of us can relate instances in which the clothing we wore changed the way we felt about ourselves and how we act ed. Perhaps you have used clothing to gain confidence when you anticipated a stressful situation, such as a job interview, or a court appearance.
　　[Page 71]
　　Every year television stations receive hundreds of complaints about the loudness of advertisements. However, federal rules forbid the practice of making ads louder than the programming. In addition, television stations always operate at the highest sound level allowed for reasons of efficiency. According to one NBC executive, no difference exists in the peak sound level of ads and programming. Given this information why do commercials sound so loud?
　　The sensation of sound involves a variety of factors in addition to its speak level. Advertisers are skilful at creating the impression of loudness through their expert use of such factors. ①One major contributor to the perceived loudness of commercials is that mush less variation in sound level occurs during a commercial. In regular programming the intensity of sound varies over a large range. However, sound levels in commercials tend to stay at or near peak levels.
　�、贠ther “tricks of the trade” are also used. Because low-frequency sounds can mask higher frequency sounds, advertisers filter out any noises that may drown out the primary message. In addition, the human voice has more auditory (聽(tīng)覺(jué)的) impact in the middle frequency ranges. Advertisers electronically vary voice sounds so that they stay within such a frequency band. ③Another approach is to write the script so that lots of consonants (輔音) are used, because people are more aware of consonants than vowel (元音) sounds. ④Finally, advertisers try to begin commercials with sounds that are highly different from those of the programming within which the commercial is buried. Because people become adapted to the type of sounds coming from programming, a dramatic change in sound quality draws viewer an attention. For example, notice how many commercials begin with a cheerful song of some type.
　　The attention-getting property of commercials can be seen by observing one-to two-year-old children who happen to be playing around a television set. They may totally ignore the programming. However, when a commercial comes on, their attention is immediately drawn to it because of its dramatic sound quality.
　　31.According to the passage, the maximum intensity of sound coming from commercials _______.
　　 A) does not exceed that of programs.
　　B) is greater than that of programs.
　　C) varies over a large range than that of programs.
　　D) is less than that of programs.
　　注：文章第一段no difference
　　mercials create the sensation of loudness because _______ .
　　A) TV stations always operate at the highest sound levels.
　　B) their sound levels are kept around peak levels.
　　C) their sound levels are kept in the middle frequency ranges.
　　 D) unlike regular programs their intensity of sound varies over a wide range.
　　注：第二點(diǎn)
　　33.Many commercials begin with a cheerful song of some kind because ________ .
　　A) pop songs attract viewer attention.
　　B) it can increase their loudness.
　　C) advertisers want to make them sound different from regular programs.
　　D) advertisers want to merge music with commercials.
　　注：第四點(diǎn)
　　34.One of the reasons why commercials are able to attract viewer attention is that ________ .
　　A) the human voices in commercials have more auditory impact.
　　B) people like cheerful songs that change dramatically in sound quality.
　　C) high-frequency sounds are used to mask sounds that drown out the primary message.
　　D) they possess sound qualities that make the viewer feel that something unusual is
　　happening.
　　注：第三段Because，B選項(xiàng)like太主觀。
　　35.In the passage, the author is trying to tell us ________ .
　　A) how TV ads vary vocal sounds to attract attention.
　　B) how the loudness of TV ads is overcome.
　　C) how advertisers control the sound properties of TV ads.
　　D) how the attention-getting properties of sounds are made use of in TV ads.
　　注：文章最后一段
　　Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commit suicide, or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes escape punishment, demanding not only that they not be charged but that they be given good recommendations and perhaps other benefits.
　　 They hesitate at the thought of a criminal boasting in open court of how he juggled (耍弄) the most confidential records right under the noses of the company’s executives, accountants , and security staff.
　　An elderly middle-class man or woman may be alienated(疏遠(yuǎn)……) by a young adult who is dressed in an unconventional manner, regardless of the person’s education, background, or interests.
　　Male administrators tend to judge women more favorably for managerial positions when the women display less "feminine" grooming(打扮)-shorter hair, moderate use of makeup, and plain tailored clothing.
　　 Feminine女權(quán)主義者；Masculine男子氣概的
　　The more women and minorities make their way into the ranks of management, the more they seem to want to talk about things formerly judged to be best left unsaid.
　　越多的婦女和少數(shù)民族越往上爬，她們?cè)较胝f(shuō)以前最好不說(shuō)的事情。
　　It is said that the public and Congressional concern about deceptive packaging rumpus started because Senator Hart discovered that the boxes of cereals consumed by him, Mrs. Hart, and their children were becoming higher and narrower, with a decline of net weight from 12 to 10. 5 ounces, without any reduction in price.