1. clothes, cloth, clothing

　　clothes 統(tǒng)指各種衣服，謂語動(dòng)詞永遠(yuǎn)是復(fù)數(shù)；cloth 指布，為不可數(shù)名詞；clothing 服裝的總稱，指一件衣服用a piece of, an article of .

　　2. incident, accident

　　incident 指小事件，accident 指不幸的事故。如：He was killed in the accident.

　　3. amount, number

　　amount 后接不可數(shù)名詞， number 后接可數(shù)名詞，如：a number of students.

　　4. family, house, home

　　home 指家，包括住處和家人，house 指房子、住宅，family 指家庭成員，如：My family is a happy one.

　　5. sound, voice, noise

　　sound 指自然界各種各樣的聲音，voice 指人的嗓音，noise 指噪音，如：I hate the loud noise outside.

　　6. photo, picture, drawing

　　photo 指用照相機(jī)拍攝的照片，picture 可指相片、圖片、電影片，drawing 指畫的畫，如：Let's go and see a good picture.

　　7. vocabulary, word

　　vocabulary 指詞匯，一個(gè)人擁有的單詞量；word 指具體的單詞。如：He has a large vocabulary.

　　8. population, people

　　population 指人口、人數(shù)，people 指具體的人，如：China has a large population.

　　9. weather, climate

　　weather 指一天內(nèi)具體的天氣狀況，climate 指長(zhǎng)期的氣候狀況，如：The climate here is not good for you.

　　10. road, street, path, way

　　road 指具體的公路、馬路，street 指街道，path 指小路、小徑，way 指道路、途徑。如：take this road; in the street; show me the way to the museum.

　　11. course, subject

　　course 指課程（可包括多門科目），subject 指科目（具體的學(xué)科），如：a summer course.

　　12. custom, habit

　　custom 指?jìng)鹘y(tǒng)風(fēng)俗、習(xí)俗，也可指生活習(xí)慣，后接to do；habit 指生活習(xí)慣，習(xí)慣成自然，后接of doing. 如：I've got the habit of drinking a lot.

　　13. cause, reason

　　cause 指造成某一事實(shí)或現(xiàn)象的直接原因，后接 of sth./doing sth.；reason用來解釋某種現(xiàn)象或結(jié)果的理由，后接for sth./doing sth.， 如：the reason for being late.

　　14. exercise, exercises, practice

　　exercise 指運(yùn)動(dòng)、鍛煉（不可數(shù)），exercises 指練習(xí)（可數(shù)），practice 指（反復(fù)做的）練習(xí)。如：Practice makes perfect.

　　15. class, lesson

　　作“課”解時(shí)，兩者可以替換；指課文用lesson，指班級(jí)或全體學(xué)生用class，如：lesson 6; class 5.

　　16. speech, talk, lecture

　　speech 指在公共場(chǎng)所所做的經(jīng)過準(zhǔn)備的較正式的演說，talk 指日常生活中的一般的談話、講話，lecture 指學(xué)術(shù)性的演講、講課，如：a series of lecture on…

　　17. officer, official

　　officer 指部隊(duì)的軍官，official 指政府官員，如：an army officer .

　　18. work, job

　　二者均指工作，work 不可數(shù)，job 可數(shù)，如：a good job.

　　19. couple, pair

　　couple 主要指人或動(dòng)物，pair 多指由兩部分組成的東西，如：a pair of trousers.

　　20. country, nation, state, land

　　country 側(cè)重指版圖、疆域，nation 指人民、國(guó)民、民族，state 側(cè)重指政府、政體，land 指國(guó)土、國(guó)家。如：The whole nation was sad at the news.

　　21. cook, cooker

　　cook 指廚師，cooker 指廚具，如：He is a good cook.

　　22. damage, damages

　　damage 是不可數(shù)名詞，指損害、損失；damages 為復(fù)數(shù)形式，指賠償金，如：$900 damages.

　　23. police, policeman

　　police 是警察的總稱，后接復(fù)數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞；policeman 指某個(gè)具體的警察。如：The police are questioning everyone in the house.

　　24. problem, question

　　problem 常和困難連系，前面的動(dòng)詞常為think about, solve, raise；question 常和疑問連系，多和ask, answer 連用。

　　25. man, a man

　　man 指人類，a man 指一個(gè)男人。如：Man will conquer nature.

　　26. chick, chicken

　　二者均可指小雞，chicken 還可以當(dāng)雞肉，如：The chicken is delicious.

　　27. telegram, telegraph

　　當(dāng)“電報(bào)”解時(shí)，telegram 指具體的，telegraph 指抽象的，如：a telegram, by telegraph.

　　28. trip, journey, travel, voyage

　　travel 是最常用的，trip 指短期的旅途，journey 指稍長(zhǎng)的旅途，voyage 指海上航行，如：a three-day trip.

　　29. sport, game

　　sport 多指戶外的游戲或娛樂活動(dòng)，如打球、游泳、打獵、賽馬等；game 指決定勝負(fù)的游戲，通常有一套規(guī)則。如：His favorite sport is swimming.

　　30. price, prize

　　price 指價(jià)格，prize 指獎(jiǎng)、獎(jiǎng)品、獎(jiǎng)金，如：win the first prize The price is high/low.

　　31. a number of, the number of

　　a number of 指“許多”，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。the number of 指“…的數(shù)目”，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：The number of students is increasing.

　　32. in front of, in the front of

　　in front of 指范圍外的前面，in the front of 指范圍內(nèi)的前面，如：In the front of the room sits a boy.

　　33. of the day, of a day

　　of the day 指每一天的、當(dāng)時(shí)的、當(dāng)代的，of a day 指暫時(shí)的、不長(zhǎng)久的，如：a famous scientist of the day.

　　34. three of us, the three of us

　　three of us 我們（不止三個(gè)）中的三個(gè)，the three of us 我們?nèi)齻�(gè)（就三個(gè)人）。如：The three of us――Tom, Jack and I went to the cinema.

　　35. by bus, on the bus

　　by bus 表手段、方式，不用冠詞；on the bus 表范圍。如：They went there by bus.

　　36. for a moment, for the moment

　　for a moment “片刻、一會(huì)兒”，for the moment“暫時(shí)、一時(shí)”，如：Thinking for a moment, he agreed.

　　37. next year, the next year

　　next year 將來時(shí)間狀語，the next year 過去將來時(shí)間狀語，如：He said he would go abroad the next year.

　　38. more than a year, more than one year

　　more than a year“一年多”，more than one year“超過一年”（兩年或三年等）

　　39. take advice, take the（one's） advice

　　take advice“征求意見”，take the advice“接受忠告”，如：He refused to take the advice and failed again.

　　40. take air, take the air

　　take air“傳播、走漏”，take the air“到戶外去、散步”，如：We take the air every day.

　　41. in a word, in words

　　in a word“總之、一句話”， in words“口頭上”，如：In a word, you are right.

　　42. in place of, in the place of

　　in place of“代替”，in the place of“在…地方”，如：A new building is built in the place of the old one.

　　43. in secret, in the secret

　　in secret“秘密地、暗自地、偷偷地”，一般用作狀語；in the secret 指知道內(nèi)情、知道秘密，一般用作表語。如：My mother was in the secret from t

　　he beginning.

　　44. a girl, one girl

　　a girl 可泛指所有女孩, one girl 指一個(gè)女孩，如：Can one girl carry such a big box?

　　45. take a chair, take the chair

　　take a chair“相當(dāng)于”，sit down“坐下”，take the chair“開始開會(huì)”

　　46. go to sea, by sea, by the sea

　　go to sea“當(dāng)海員、出航”，by sea“乘船、由海路”， by the sea“在海邊”，如：go by sea.

　　47. the doctor and teacher, the doctor and the teacher

　　the doctor and teacher 指一個(gè)人，既是醫(yī)生又是老師；the doctor and the teacher 指兩個(gè)人，一個(gè)醫(yī)生和一個(gè)老師。

　　48. in office, in the office

　　in office“在職的”，in the office“在辦公室里”，如：He is in office, not out of office.

　　49. in bed, on the bed

　　in bed“臥在床上”，on the bed“在床上”，如：The book is on the bed. He is ill in bed.

　　50. in charge of, in the charge of

　　in charge of“管理、負(fù)責(zé)照料”，in the charge of“由……照料”，如：He is in charge of the matter. The matter is in the charge of her.