貿(mào)易是經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化環(huán)境下最常見(jiàn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)現(xiàn)象，幾乎沒(méi)有一個(gè)國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)是封閉式的。中國(guó)每年的貿(mào)易額都在持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)。中國(guó)最主要的出口產(chǎn)品為 紡織 品、 茶葉 、農(nóng)副產(chǎn)品等。主要進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品為糧食、高附加值工業(yè)品和一些高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)品。
　　英：
　　C.W.O.
　　Cash With Order, the cost of an item must accompany the order.
　　C.O.D.
　　Cash On Delivery, the cost of an item will be paid when the item is delivered.
　　In stock
　　Goods and materials that a company has available for immediate sale and delivery.
　　Inventory
　　The quantity of goods and materials on hand (in stock). Also, a detailed,
　　itemized list, report, or record of products in a company’s possession, produced
　　from a survey of all goods and materials in stock.
　　Backlog
　　A reserve supply or an accumulation of unfilled orders.
　　Waybill
　　A document giving details and instructions relating to a shipment of goods.
　　Shipping date
　　The date that an order actually starts moving toward a destination.
　　Price quote
　　An officially stated price for goods.
　　List price
　　A basic published or advertised price.
　　Discount
　　A reduction from the full or standard amount of a list price.
　　Shipment
　　Act or instance of shipping goods, or a quantity of goods that are shipped together.
　　Bill of lading
　　A document issued by a carrier to a shipper, listing and acknowledging
　　receipt of goods for transport and specifying terms of delivery.
　　Invoice
　　A detailed list of goods shipped or services rendered, with an account of all
　　costs; an itemized bill.
　　Receipt
　　A written acknowledgment that a specified article, sum of money, or shipment of merchandise has been received.
　　Irrevocable Letter of Credit
　　Method of payment most commonly used for imports. The exporter is assured payment when they ship the goods, and the importer is assured that the goods have been dispatched according to their instructions.
　　Shipping documents
　　Documents that an exporter receives from the shipping company.The following terms are often used for price quotes in foreign trade:
　　FOB
　　Free On Board - price includes all costs of goods on a ship or aircraft whose
　　destination is stated in the contract.
　　CIF
　　Price includes Cost, Insurance, Freight to a named port of destination in the
　　buyer’s country.
　　CIP
　　Price includes cost of goods, Carriage (freight), and Insurance Paid by
　　container to a named destination in the buyer’s country.
　　Common carrier
　　Common means of shipping, can be transport truck, barge, ship , or train.
　　中文翻譯：
　　訂貨付現(xiàn)
　　貨款與訂單一起交付。
　　貨到付款
　　貨款在貨物送達(dá)后支付。
　　現(xiàn)貨
　　可以即時(shí)銷售和交付的貨物和材料。
　　存貨
　　庫(kù)存或手頭擁有的貨物和原料數(shù)量。也是公司擁有產(chǎn)品的細(xì)目表、報(bào)告、產(chǎn)品記錄，這是通過(guò)對(duì)公司的貨物庫(kù)存和原料的調(diào)查而產(chǎn)生的。
　　積壓未交訂貨
　　已經(jīng)下了定單但未交付的訂貨。
　　運(yùn)貨單
　　關(guān)于貨物運(yùn)輸詳細(xì)情況和要求的說(shuō)明文件。
　　發(fā)貨日
　　所定貨物啟運(yùn)的日期。
　　報(bào)價(jià)
　　對(duì)貨物的正式報(bào)價(jià)。
　　報(bào)價(jià)單價(jià)格
　　基本上是對(duì)外公布的或?qū)ν庑麄鞯膬r(jià)格。
　　折扣
　　對(duì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)全價(jià)的部分減免。
　　發(fā)貨
　　運(yùn)裝貨物的行為或情況。
　　提單
　　承運(yùn)人 開(kāi)給 托運(yùn) 人的單證，證明運(yùn)輸合同成立和證明 承運(yùn)人 已接管貨物或已將貨物裝船，同時(shí)還明確 規(guī)定 了交貨條件。
　　發(fā)票
　　運(yùn)送貨物和提供服務(wù)的細(xì)目單，詳細(xì)列出了每項(xiàng)費(fèi)用和總費(fèi)用。
　　收據(jù)
　　收到某件貨物、錢(qián)或發(fā)貨 通知 書(shū)的書(shū)面確認(rèn)。
　　不可撤銷 信用證
　　進(jìn)口最常用的付款方式。這種方式能確保 進(jìn)出口 雙方的利益，確保出口商發(fā)貨后能收到貨款，也可以確保進(jìn)口商貨已按要求發(fā)出。
　　貨運(yùn)單據(jù)
　　出口商從貨運(yùn)公司收到的單據(jù)。在國(guó)際貿(mào)易中經(jīng)常用到的報(bào)價(jià) 術(shù)語(yǔ)
　　FOB
　　離岸價(jià)或船上交貨價(jià)格，賣方承擔(dān)的義務(wù)是在合同 規(guī)定 的裝運(yùn)港和規(guī)定的期限內(nèi)，將貨物裝上買(mǎi)方指派的船只或飛機(jī)并及時(shí) 通知 買(mǎi)方，同時(shí)負(fù)責(zé)支付貨物裝上船之前的一切費(fèi)用。
　　CIF
　　到岸價(jià)格。包括成本、保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)以及運(yùn)費(fèi), 要求運(yùn)到賣方指定 港口 。
　　CIP
　　包括貨物費(fèi)用、運(yùn)費(fèi)、承運(yùn)商支付的保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)，運(yùn)到買(mǎi)方指定的目的港的價(jià)格。
　　公共承運(yùn)人
　　卡車、駁船、 船舶 或火車等公共運(yùn)輸工具。